Geocoding and Reverse Geocoding Addresses in QGIS

Introduction

Geocoding is the computational process by which a text-based, physical address is converted into geographic coordinates, which can be used for a variety of mapping applications. Geocoding requires a reference dataset and a geocoding algorithm, each of which is composed of sub-operations and sub-components that work together to transform physical, input data into numerical, spatial data. Reverse geocoding is the process by which geographic coordinates are converted into a physical address.

Why Geocode?

Geocoding allows us to quickly find various types of locations, including historical buildings, houses, restaurants, and stores. From simple data analysis to business and customer management and distribution techniques, there is a wide range of applications geocoding can be used for, as we can identify and analyze patterns within the data. With geocoded addresses, you can spatially display the address locations and begin to recognize patterns within the information.

Geocoding software is implemented in a variety of industries, including but not limited to:

• Health: assess patient access to healthcare facilities; study epidemiological patterns of a disease
• Finance: determine lending activity in the community, including demographics data to assist in fair lending efforts
• Public Safety: direct emergency response via locally developed street files and E911 points
• Military: Military Grid Reference System (MGRS) is the geocoordinate standard used by NATO militaries
• Commercial: directly factor geography into the business analytics process; monitor shipping patterns and customer sales