Comparison of QGIS to ArcMap

Introduction

ESRI's ArcMap is a useful piece of software that can be used to create maps and perform various types of analysis. Unfortunately, it is an extremely expensive piece of software that not everyone can realistically afford; making it inaccessible.

As an alternative to ArcMap, many turn to Free Open Source Software (FOSS) in order to complete mapping and analysis. Through the use of FOSS, there are huge savings in costs and similar -- if not the same functions are still able to be used. There are many options for substitution of ArcMap to FOSS, all with varying effectiveness and suitability.

A few examples include:

• QGIS
• MapGuide
• Bentley Geo Web Publisher
• etc.

For the purpose of this tutorial, QGIS will be the example used to compare directly to ESRI's ArcMap.

< ArcMap version 10.5.1 will be used >

<QGIS version 2.18.10 will be used>

(Please note: this tutorial will be running on the assumption that one or both of the software packages have already been downloaded prior to the tutorial. For information on how to download QGIS please visit QGIS.org. For information on how to purchase and download ArcMap please visit ESRI.com

Purpose

The purpose of this tutorial is to demonstrate how knowledge of ArcMap can be transferred to QGIS. This tutorial will compare vector based tools as well as raster based tools between ArcMap and QGIS.

Methods

For this tutorial, a comparison will be shown, with the ArcMap button/action on the left side and QGIS on the right, and will be displayed like so: ArcMap = QGIS

The data that was used for the tutorial example was sourced through Carleton University MacOdrum Library's Geospatial Database -- specifically using data on Gatineau Park, QC. Below is a list of layers that were used for the tutorial.

Layers included:

• 25m Contours of Gatineau Park
• Gatineau Park Roads
• Gatineau Park Streams
• Gatineau Park Boundary
• 10m DEM of Gatineau Park

To Download files please follow the link below: Gatineau Park Files (click the 'download icon' to download zip folder)

Adding Shapefiles

To add/upload data in ArcMap click on the 'Add Data' icon (Figure 1.) and add all the files from the methods section.

To add files in QGIS click on the 'Add vector data' icon (Figure 1.) and add all the files from the methods section.

Figure 1. Add Data Icon in ArcMap (left) and Add vector data/Add raster data in QGIS (right)

Tools

The main concern when switching or opting for QGIS (or other FOSSs) over ArcMap is that the tool availability won't be the same, or comparable. And while QGIS doesn't have the same number of tools built into the program, there are many plugins and extensions that can be added that can run a variety of different processes.

QGIS’ toolbox can be accessed by clicking processing then toolbox in the top menu bar. The toolbox will be located on the right side of the screen.

Figure 2. In QGIS showing the drop-down menu for where the toolbox is located.

When clicking on the toolbox button, tools for various programs will popup with the number of tools that can be accessed. For QGIS, there are 79 tools that can be used.

Figure 3. Showing ArcMap toolbox (left) and the QGIS toolbox (right).

While ArcMap has more built-in tool availability, essential tools are included in QGIS with the opportunity to activate extra plugins and extensions.

Digitizing

For the purposes of this tutorial, we are looking at digitizing our own data, so to do so, we need to create new shape files using the following steps.

In both software, the one location can create polygon, polyline and points, and a coordinate system is to be chosen.

ArcMap categorizes the coordinate systems by projection and geographic, while QGIS offers all under one dropdown box.

From there, the shapefiles have been created. Now, we can edit the shapefiles. In Arcmap, you are to go through the editor, while in QGIS, right clicking on the layer will bring up a drop down box, in which toggle editing is to be selected.

To begin digitizing, in ArcMap you are to create features, and then create the polygon/line/point. In QGIS, once right clicking and selecting toggle editing, select add feature: and the polygon/line/point can be digitized on screen. To do so, move your curser to the desired location and either trace, or create the shapes desired. To complete the polygon, right click, and the following box will come up:

Give your polygon its own Id number and the polygon will then be complete and on your screen.