Kriging Interpolation Comparison on Alberta Weather Station Elevation Data using System for Automated Geoscientific Analysis (SAGA GIS)

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Kriging Interpolation Comparison on Alberta Weather Station Elevation Data using System for Automated Geoscientific Analysis (SAGA GIS)

Introduction

Purpose

The purpose of this tutorial is to provide a step-by-step guide to using the Kriging interpolation technique in SAGA GIS, a software that many users may not have encountered before. The tutorial will introduce the various types of Kriging and the key variables to consider during the process. By comparing results from a dataset with dense data points to one with sparse data, the tutorial aims to highlight the critical role that data quality and quantity play in achieving accurate interpolation results.

Introduction to SAGA

SAGA, short for System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses, is a powerful Geographic Information System (GIS) software designed for the effective implementation of spatial algorithms. It offers a comprehensive and ever-growing suite of geoscientific methods, coupled with an approachable user interface featuring diverse visualization options. SAGA runs on both Windows and Linux operating systems and is distributed as Free Open Source Software (FOSS).

Downloading SAGA

Before beginning the tutorial, if you do not have SAGA GIS please follow the steps below:

  • Follow this link to download [1]
  • Once the download is complete extract the files from the zip folder
  • Run the saga_gui.exe to open the program

Data

Acquiring the Data

To download the Elevation data follow these steps:

  • Visit the Scholars GeoPortal at this link [2].
  • In the search bar enter Weather Stations .
  • The Canadian Weather Stations should be available to Add to map.
  • After adding the data to the map it is possible to select an area. In our case we selected All of Alberta's data.
  • Once this is completed, go to the Download page and either download your selected area or the entire dataset.


To download the Albeta boundary file

Data

All the data and code can be downloaded from this Google Drive Link
The download contains:

  • Alberta Shapefile[1]
  • Alberta Weather Station Data[2]
  • Limited Alberta Weather Station Data[3]

Tutorial

Kriging Interpolation Setup

Step 1: Open the Data Files

  • Navigate to File → Open.
  • Open each data file individually. (the files with .shp file format)
  • Ensure all the data has been added correctly. Go to the Manager tab → Data → Tree
Figure 1: Data Successfully Imported

Step 2: Add Files to the Map

  • Right-click on each file and select Add to Map.
  • Ensure that all files are added to the same map. Avoid creating separate maps for each file. ( See Figure 2 through 4 for the exact steps and expected outcome.)
Figure 2: Adding Files to a Map
Figure 3: Choose the Desired Map
Figure 4: Expected Outcome

Step 3: Perform Kriging Analysis

  • Go to Geoprocessing tab.
  • Navigate to Spatial and Geostatistics → Kriging → Ordinary Kriging.

(Picture 5 demonstrates this step.)

Kriging

Step 4: Adjust Kriging Settings

  • Use the default Kriging settings for your initial analysis. (Picture 6 shows these settings.)
  • For extended boundaries, customize the settings as needed. (Refer to Picture 7 for details.)
Kriging Extent
Kriging Extent

Step 5: Variogram

  • Viewing the generated variogram allows for interpretation of spatial relationships found in the data. This section can be found here (Sends user to Variogram section of wiki).

Variogram 1(Discussed in Variogram Analysis)


Step 6: Save Kriging Results

  • After completing the Kriging analysis, locate the results in the Data tab under Grids.
  • Rename the result to something meaningful, e.g., "Kriging Analysis".

(Pictures 9 and 10 display this process.)

Kriging Result location
Kriging Result Change name

Step 7: Clip the Kriging Results

  • Go to Geoprocessing → Grid System → Clip Grids. (Picture 11 shows this menu.)
  • Select the appropriate grid system.
  • Use the polygon selection tool to clip the data to the Alberta region:
    • Choose the dotted grid selection.
    • Use the three dots and two arrows tool to define the clip area.
    • Specify Alberta as the clipping region.

(Refer to Pictures 11-15 for guidance.)

How to get to clip tool
Clipping
Clipping
Clipping
Clipping

Step 8: Rename Clipped Results

  • Rename the clipped Kriging results to differentiate them from the original dataset.
  • Update the map view to reflect these changes.

(Pictures 16 and 17 demonstrate this step.)

Rename Clipped Results
Clipped results map view

Step 9: Repeat for Limited Weather Station Data

  • Repeat the Kriging analysis and clipping process, this time using data from a limited number of weather stations.
  • Ensure the same steps are followed to maintain consistency.

(Click here for starting point Link to step 3)


Step 10: Compare Results

  • Overlay the Kriging results for all weather stations with the point data for visualization.

(Picture 19 illustrates this overlay.)

  • Overlay the Kriging results for limited weather stations similarly.

(Refer to Picture 20 for the final output.)

For Variogram analysis and visualization & interpretation see next sections.

All weather stations with points over top
Limited weather stations with points over top

Variogram Analysis

Variograme 1*
Variogram 2*

Visualization & Interpretation

Final All Weather stations layout
Final Limited Weather Stations Layout
  1. ↑ https://www.google.com/maps
  2. ↑ https://www.google.com/maps
  3. ↑ https://www.google.com/maps
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